Question

72 unit 2 · anatomy and physiology of the human body
matching: match the terms in column i with their definitions in column ii.
column i

1. fracture
2. femur
3. alignment
4. callus
5. greenstick
6. phantom limb
7. ligament
8. vertebrae
9. uina
10. humerus
11. marrow
12. embolus
13. ilium
14. phalanges
15. sternum
16. sprain

column ii
a. sensation after amputation
b. floating mass in blood vessel
c. incomplete fracture
d. to stretch a ligament
e. to straighten a fracture
f. break
g. fills long bones
h. bones of the hands and feet
i. bone in the rib cage
j. pelvic bone
k. attaches bone to bone at joints
l. thigh bone
m. upper arm bone
n. bones of the spine
o. bone of forearm
p. bulgy deposit around a new fracture
chapter review
short answer

1. what is bone composed of?
2. list six functions of the skeletal system.
3. describe the structure of the spinal column and list the sections that make up the spinal column.
4. how is a long bone constructed?
5. how do long bones grow?
6. identify three kinds of synovial joints, giving examples of each.

Explanation:

1. Fracture is a break, so 1 - F.
2. Femur is the thigh bone, so 2 - L.
3. Alignment means to straighten a fracture, so 3 - E.
4. Callus is a bulgy deposit around a new fracture, so 4 - P.
5. Greenstick is an incomplete fracture, so 5 - C.
6. Phantom limb is the sensation after amputation, so 6 - A.
7. Ligament attaches bone to bone at joints, so 7 - K.
8. Vertebrae are the bones of the spine, so 8 - N.
9. Ulna is a bone of forearm, so 9 - O.
10. Humerus is the upper - arm bone, so 10 - M.
11. Marrow fills long bones, so 11 - G.
12. Embolus is a floating mass in blood vessel, so 12 - B.
13. Ilium is a pelvic bone, so 13 - J.
14. Phalanges are bones of the hands and feet, so 14 - H.
15. Sternum is a bone in the rib cage, so 15 - I.
16. Sprain is to stretch a ligament, so 16 - D.

Answer:

s for short - answer questions:

1. Bone is composed of collagen fibers and mineral salts (calcium phosphate mainly).
2. Six functions of the skeletal system:

a. Support - provides a framework for the body.
b. Protection - protects internal organs (e.g., skull protects brain).
c. Movement - serves as attachment points for muscles to enable movement.
d. Mineral storage - stores calcium and phosphorus.
e. Blood cell production (hematopoiesis) - red bone marrow produces blood cells.
f. Energy storage - yellow bone marrow stores fat.

1. The spinal column is a flexible column made up of 33 vertebrae. The sections are: cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae), lumbar (5 vertebrae), sacral (5 fused into 1 sacrum), and coccygeal (4 fused into 1 coccyx).
2. A long bone has a diaphysis (shaft), epiphyses (ends), metaphyses (regions between diaphysis and epiphyses), articular cartilage (covers epiphyses), and a medullary cavity (contains bone marrow).
3. Long bones grow through the activity of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate). Cartilage cells in the plate divide, and new cells are gradually replaced by bone tissue as the bone grows in length.
4. Three kinds of synovial joints:

a. Hinge joint - e.g., elbow joint, allows movement in one plane (flexion and extension).
b. Ball - and - socket joint - e.g., shoulder joint, allows multi - directional movement (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation).
c. Pivot joint - e.g., atlanto - axial joint (between first and second cervical vertebrae), allows rotational movement.