Question

36.a nurse is emptying a clients urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. the nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of which of the following?
a. urinary tract infection
b. urinary incontinence
c. urinary frequency
d. urinary retention
37.a nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about relationship development. the nurse should explain that, according to erikson, establishing relationships with commitment is a primary task of which of the following stages of psychosocial development?
a. generativity versus stagnation
b. identity versus role diffusion
c. intimacy versus isolation
d. trust versus mistrust
38.a nurse is observing a clients nonverbal behavior. when evaluating this behavior, the nurse should factor in which of the following principles that influence nonverbal communication?
a. nonverbal communication conveys less truth than what the client states verbally.
b. the clients sociocultural background influences nonverbal communication.
c. nonverbal communication is a poor reflection of what the client feels.
d. the client enacts nonverbal communication consciously.
39.a nurse on a medical unit is coaching a group of nursing students about the variety of roles nurses assume while working with clients. the nurse should explain that which of the following roles focuses on protecting the client and supporting the clients decisions?
a. advocate
b. caregiver
c. case manager
d. educator

Explanation:

• Question 36: Urinary tract infection (UTI) often causes urine to be dark amber (due to concentrated urine or blood in some cases), cloudy (from white blood cells, bacteria, etc.), and have an unpleasant odor. Urinary incontinence is about leakage, urinary frequency is increased urination times, and urinary retention is inability to empty bladder properly.
• Question 37: According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, the stage of Intimacy versus Isolation (ages 18 - 40) focuses on establishing close, committed relationships. Generativity versus stagnation (ages 40 - 65) is about contributing to society and future generations. Identity versus role diffusion (ages 12 - 18) is about forming a sense of self. Trust versus mistrust (birth - 18 months) is about developing basic trust.
• Question 38: A client's sociocultural background influences nonverbal communication (e.g., different cultures have different norms for eye contact, personal space). Nonverbal communication can often convey more truth than verbal (as it is more involuntary in many cases), it is a good reflection of feelings, and it is often enacted unconsciously.
• Question 39: The advocate role of a nurse focuses on protecting the client and supporting the client’s decisions. The caregiver role is about providing hands - on care, the case manager role is about coordinating care, and the educator role is about teaching clients.

Answer:

• 36. A. Urinary tract infection
• 37. C. Intimacy versus isolation
• 38. B. The client's sociocultural background influences nonverbal communication.
• 39. A. Advocate