Question

1. when patients have their gall bladders removed, they should initially be placed on a diet that is low in which of the following?

a. starch
b. proteins
c. fat
d. vitamins
e. carbohydrates

1. e. coli bacteria

a. are deadly and must be completely removed from the intestines to prevent disease.
b. are normally found only in herbivores such as cattle and sheep.
c. are involved in the breakdown of cellulose in the large intestine.
d. use waste materials to synthesize vitamins b and k in the large intestine.
e. are involved in the breakdown of hemoglobin from worn - out blood cells.

1. alcohol and certain drugs have a rapid effect on people because they

a. enter the bloodstream as soon as they are swallowed.
b. are absorbed directly through the wall of the stomach.
c. are absorbed immediately upon entering the duodenum.
d. are absorbed in the large intestine.
e. are used in the digestion of cellulose.

1. even though humans are unable to digest cellulose, it is important in our diet because

a. we need the chlorophyll contained in plant cells.
b. it allows the stomach to absorb vitamins.
c. it is needed to synthesize vitamin b.
d. it protects the walls of the intestines from mechanical damage.
e. it adds volume to the wastes in our large intestine and ensures that we eliminate toxic materials more frequently.

1. which of the following is not true of the villi found in the small intestine?

a. they greatly increase the surface area of the intestine.
b. they contain small arteries and veins.
c. they contain lymph vessels.
d. they are themselves lined with microvilli.
e. they secrete digestive juices.

1. which of the following is not under homeostatic control in humans?

a. body temperature
b. blood - sugar level
c. release of gastric fluids
d. knee - jerk reflex
e. heart rate during exercise

1. which of the following is not a function of the circulatory system?

a. it carries nutrients to cells and wastes away from cells.
b. it transports chemical messengers throughout the body.
c. it manufactures red blood cells.
d. it distributes heat throughout the body.
e. it works with the kidneys to maintain an acceptable level of body fluid.

1. which of the following organisms has an open circulatory system?

a. earthworm
b. sponge
c. snail
d. blue jay

Explanation:

Question 33

The gallbladder stores bile, which is needed to emulsify fat for digestion. After gallbladder removal, the body has less bile initially, so a low - fat diet is recommended to reduce the digestive burden related to fat. Starch, proteins, vitamins, and carbohydrates don't rely on gallbladder - stored bile for digestion in the same way fat does.

• Option a: Most E. coli strains are harmless and some are beneficial, so they don't all need to be completely removed.
• Option b: E. coli can be found in many organisms, not just herbivores.
• Option c: E. coli doesn't break down cellulose; organisms like termites have symbionts for that.
• Option d: E. coli in the large intestine do use waste materials to synthesize vitamins B and K, which is correct.
• Option e: The breakdown of hemoglobin from worn - out blood cells is done by cells in the liver and spleen, not E. coli.

• Option a: They don't enter the bloodstream as soon as swallowed; they need to be absorbed.
• Option b: Alcohol and certain drugs can be absorbed directly through the stomach wall, leading to a rapid effect.
• Option c: Absorption in the duodenum is not immediate for this rapid effect.
• Option d: Absorption in the large intestine is not where the rapid effect comes from.
• Option e: They are not used in cellulose digestion.

Answer:

c. fat

Question 34