Question

1. which of the following common supplement form of copper is not bioavailable?

a) copper sulfate
b) copper chloride
c) copper oxide

1. supplements that are commonly added to pet food include all except

a) polyphenols
b) flavenoids
c) glycoproteins
d) carotenoids

1. water soluble vitamins are more likely to accumulate to toxic levels because they can be stored in the body (usually within fatty tissue and the liver)

a) true
b) false

1. fat soluble vitamins are less likely to accumulate to toxic levels because they are used rapidly (usually within one hour), very little is stored, and they are excreted through the urine

a) true
b) false

1. a deficiency of what nutrient can cause anemia?

a) zinc
b) iodine
c) manganese
d) iron

1. which of the following are potential causes of vitamin k deficiency?

a) malabsorption diseases
b) rodenticides
c) congenital defects
d) destruction of gut microflora by antibiotics
e) all of the above
ab) none of the above
match each vitamin or mineral with its function or characteristic: (each answer will only be used once)
38)______vitamin a
a) acts like a hormone to regulate the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and needed for bone formation
39)______calcium
b) makes up a good portion of bones, is needed for muscles, nerves and blood clotting
40)______copper
c) necessary for the formation/maintenance of epithelium
41)______vitamin k
d) can be synthesized by microbes in the gi tract and is used in the blood clotting system
42)______riboflavin
e) helps the body to use iron properly
43)______vitamin d
ab) needed for energy metabolism and is typically bound to either albumin and globulin

Explanation:

1. Copper oxide has low bioavailability compared to sulfate or chloride forms.
2. Glycoproteins are not common supplements in pet food; polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids are.
3. Water-soluble vitamins are excreted in urine, so they rarely accumulate to toxic levels.
4. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in fat tissue/liver, so they are more likely to accumulate to toxic levels.
5. Iron deficiency causes anemia (iron is critical for hemoglobin).
6. Malabsorption, rodenticides, congenital defects, and gut microflora destruction all cause Vitamin K deficiency.
7. Vitamin A maintains epithelial tissue.
8. Calcium is a major bone component and supports muscles/nerves/clotting.
9. Copper aids iron utilization.
10. Vitamin K is synthesized by gut microbes and supports clotting.
11. Riboflavin (B2) is for energy metabolism and binds to albumin/globulin.
12. Vitamin D regulates calcium/phosphorus absorption for bone formation.

Answer:

1. c) Copper oxide
2. c) Glycoproteins
3. b) False
4. b) False
5. d) Iron
6. e) All of the above
7. c
8. b
9. e
10. d
11. ab
12. a