25. we see the color black because
26. we see the color white because
27. we see the color red because
28. we see the color yellow because
29. describe what happens when white light is shone through a prism. what order are the colors? why does this happen?
30. what are the two types of lenses? name them, draw them, and show what the light waves do.
31. name the electromagnetic waves in order from least energy to most energy.
32. how does the wavelength of electromagnetic waves change as you move from radio waves across the spectrum to gamma waves?
33. how does the frequency of electromagnetic waves change as you move from radio waves across the spectrum to gamma waves?
sound waves
34. the part of a wave where the particles are closer together is called the
35. the part of a wave where the particles are farther apart is called the

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 25
# Brief Explanations:
Objects appear black when they absorb all visible light wavelengths and reflect none. So the reason we see black is that the object absorbs all light and reflects no visible light to our eyes.
# Answer:
The object absorbs all visible light wavelengths (and reflects none).

### Question 26
# Brief Explanations:
White is seen when an object reflects all visible light wavelengths (or a combination that our eyes perceive as white, like sunlight which contains all visible colors). So the object reflects all visible light to our eyes.
# Answer:
The object reflects all visible light wavelengths (or a combination of all visible colors).

### Question 27
# Brief Explanations:
An object appears red because it reflects red - wavelength light (around 620 - 750 nm) and absorbs other visible light wavelengths. So the object reflects red - colored light and absorbs other colors.
# Answer:
The object reflects red - wavelength light (and absorbs other visible light wavelengths).

### Question 28
# Brief Explanations:
Yellow - appearing objects reflect yellow - wavelength light (around 570 - 590 nm) or a combination of red and green light (which our eyes perceive as yellow) and absorb other visible light wavelengths. So the object reflects yellow - wavelength light (or red + green light) and absorbs other colors.
# Answer:
The object reflects yellow - wavelength light (or red and green light) and absorbs other visible light wavelengths.

### Question 29
# Brief Explanations:
1. When white light passes through a prism, it undergoes dispersion. White light is composed of multiple wavelengths (colors). The prism bends (refracts) different wavelengths at different angles because the refractive index of the prism material depends on the wavelength of light.
2. The order of colors from the prism (from least bent to most bent, or from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength) is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet (ROYGBIV).
3. This happens because different wavelengths of light have different speeds in the prism material. Shorter wavelengths (like violet) are refracted more (bend more) than longer wavelengths (like red) due to the dependence of the refractive index on wavelength (dispersion).
# Answer:
- What happens: White light is dispersed into its constituent colors (a spectrum is formed).
- Order of colors: Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet (ROYGBIV).
- Why: Different wavelengths of light in white light are refracted at different angles by the prism (dispersion) because the refractive index of the prism material varies with the wavelength of light.

### Question 30
# Brief Explanations:
1. The two types of lenses are convex lenses and concave lenses.
2. **Convex Lens**: It is thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges. When light waves pass through a convex lens, parallel light rays (e.g., from a distant object) converge towards a focal point on the other side of the lens. (Drawing: A lens with a bulging middle, light rays coming from the left parallel to the principal axis converge to a point on the right side of the lens.)
3. **Concave Lens**: It is thinner in the middle and thicker at the edges. When light waves pass through a concave lens, parallel light rays diverge as if they are coming from a focal point on the same side as the incoming light. (Drawing: A lens with a depressed middle, light rays coming from the left parallel to the principal axis diverge and appear to come from a point on the left side of the lens.)
# Answer:
- Two types of lenses: Convex lens and Concave lens.
- **Convex Lens**: Thicker in the middle, thinner at the edges. Light waves (parallel to the principal axis) converge to a focal point.
- **Concave Lens**: Thinner in the middle, thicker at the edges. Light waves (parallel to the principal axis) diverge (appear to come from a focal point on the incoming side). (Drawings: Convex - bulging middle with converging rays; Concave - depressed middle with diverging rays.)

### Question 31
# Brief Explanations:
Electromagnetic waves are ordered by energy (which is related to frequency, $ E = hf $, where $ h $ is Planck's constant and $ f $ is frequency) from least energy to most energy as follows: Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X - rays, Gamma rays.
# Answer:
Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X - rays, Gamma rays.

### Question 32
# Brief Explanations:
The wavelength ($ \lambda $) and frequency ($ f $) of electromagnetic waves are related by $ c=\lambda f $ (where $ c $ is the speed of light in a vacuum, a constant). As we move from radio waves to gamma waves across the spectrum, the frequency increases. Since $ c $ is constant, the wavelength must decrease. So the wavelength of electromagnetic waves decreases as we move from radio waves to gamma waves.
# Answer:
The wavelength decreases as we move from radio waves to gamma waves (because $ c = \lambda f $, $ c $ is constant, and frequency increases, so wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency).

### Question 33
# Brief Explanations:
Using the relationship $ c=\lambda f $ ( $ c $ is speed of light, constant), as we move from radio waves to gamma waves, the energy of the waves increases. Energy $ E=hf $, so frequency $ f $ is directly proportional to energy. So the frequency of electromagnetic waves increases as we move from radio waves to gamma waves.
# Answer:
The frequency increases as we move from radio waves to gamma waves (because energy $ E = hf $ and energy increases across the spectrum from radio to gamma, so frequency, which is directly proportional to energy, also increases).

### Question 34
# Brief Explanations:
In a sound wave (a longitudinal wave), the region where particles are closer together is called a compression.
# Answer:
compression

### Question 35
# Brief Explanations:
In a sound wave (longitudinal wave), the region where particles are farther apart is called a rarefaction.
# Answer:
rarefaction

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Question 25

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Question 26