22. president andrew jackson used the spoils system to
a) veto bills he disliked
b) enforce supreme court decisions
c) move native american indians off their traditional lands
d) provide jobs to political party supporters
28. from 1820 to 1865, the debates over nullification,
protective tariffs, and the spread of slavery into the
new territories concerned the constitutional issue of
a) federal government intent to enforce
b) federal government had no authority to
c) impose an excise tax
d) new national government

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Accepted Answer

### Question 22:
# Brief Explanations:
The spoils system under President Andrew Jackson involved giving government jobs (patronage) to political party supporters as a reward for their support. Option D states "provide jobs to political party supporters" which matches the definition of the spoils system. Option A (veto bills he disliked) is about veto power, not spoils system. Option B (enforce Supreme Court decisions) is incorrect as Jackson opposed some Supreme Court decisions (like in Cherokee cases). Option C (move Native Americans off their traditional lands) is the Indian Removal Act, related but not the spoils system.
# Answer:
D. provide jobs to political party supporters

### Question 28: (Assuming the question is about what the Federal Government intended to enforce or related to nullification, tariffs, and slavery 1820 - 1865)
# Brief Explanations:
From 1820 - 1865, issues like protective tariffs, nullification (states' right to nullify federal laws), and spread of slavery were prominent. If the option "new National Government intended to enforce Federal laws" (assuming an option related to federal authority over states, especially in nullification crises where states tried to nullify federal tariffs, and the federal government aimed to enforce its laws). Alternatively, if about tariffs, the federal government intended to enforce protective tariffs (though some states opposed). Given the context of nullification (South Carolina's nullification of tariffs), the federal government intended to enforce federal laws (including tariff laws) over state nullification.
(Note: Since the options are partially visible, based on typical questions of this era: The debates over nullification (states vs. federal authority), tariffs, and slavery. If the question is about what the Federal Government intended to enforce, and option D is "new National Government intended to enforce Federal laws" or related to federal authority, that would be correct as the federal government sought to assert its authority over states (like in the Tariff of Abominations nullification crisis, Jackson and later leaders enforced federal law over state nullification). If the option is about enforcing federal laws against nullification, that's the key. Also, protective tariffs were a federal policy, and the government intended to enforce them (even with opposition).)
# Answer:
(Assuming the correct option is related to federal government enforcing its laws, e.g., if D is "new National Government intended to enforce Federal laws", then D. new National Government intended to enforce Federal laws (or based on exact option text, but with the given partial text, this is the most logical related to federal authority over states in the era of nullification and tariffs). If the options were about tariffs, and an option like "enforce protective tariffs" but from the partial text, the best fit with federal authority and the era's issues is the federal government intending to enforce federal laws (against nullification, for tariffs, etc.))

(Note: Due to partial visibility of options, the above is based on historical context of 1820 - 1865 issues: nullification, tariffs, slavery. The federal government's intent was to enforce federal laws (including tariff laws) over state nullification attempts, and maintain federal authority. So if option D is "new National Government intended to enforce Federal laws", that's correct.)

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Question 22:

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Question 28: (Assuming the question is about what the Federal Government intended to enforce or related to nullification, tariffs, and slavery 1820 - 1865)