Question

1. the new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of an individual to solve problems was the

a. scientific revolution
b. enlightenment
c. great awakening
d. geocentric theory

1. the willingness of people to hand over their rights to a ruler in exchange for law and order in society was called the

a. scientific method
b. magna carta
c. enlightenment
d. social contract

1. the philosopher who believed that all people are born free and equal, with the rights to life, liberty, and property was

a. john locke
b. thomas hobbes
c. galileo galilei
d. baron de montesquieu

1. the group of social critics in enlightenment france were called

a. satirists
b. philosophes
c. stoics
d. revolutionaries

1. brilliant french satirist who frequently targeted the clergy, aristocracy, and the government was

a. thomas hobbes
b. baron de montesquieu
c. voltaire
d. john locke

1. an influential french writer who wrote that \power should be a check to power\ was

a. louis xiv
b. voltaire
c. thomas hobbes
d. baron de montesquieu

1. french philosophe jean jacques rousseau believed that the best form of government would be a

a. direct democracy
b. constitutional monarchy
c. dictatorship
d. republic

1. womens contributions to the enlightenment included all of the following except

a. urging women to enter male - dominated fields
b. writing about the inequalities between men and women
c. running for office
d. holding social gatherings called salons for influential people

Explanation:

• Question 19: The Enlightenment emphasized reason, individual thought, and problem - solving. The Scientific Revolution was more about scientific discovery methods. The Great Awakening was a religious movement. The Geocentric theory is an astronomical concept.
• Question 20: The social contract is the idea of people giving up some rights to a ruler for law and order. The scientific method is for scientific inquiry. Magna Carta is a historical document limiting royal power. The Enlightenment is a broader intellectual movement.
• Question 21: John Locke believed in natural rights (life, liberty, property) for all. Thomas Hobbes had a more pessimistic view of human nature. Galileo Galilei was a scientist. Baron de Montesquieu focused on separation of powers.
• Question 22: Philosophes were the social critics in Enlightenment France. Satirists use satire. Stoics are from an ancient philosophy. Revolutionaries are about overthrowing governments.
• Question 23: Voltaire was a French satirist targeting clergy, aristocracy, and government. Thomas Hobbes was English. Baron de Montesquieu focused on political theory. John Locke was English.
• Question 24: Baron de Montesquieu wrote about "Power should be a check to power" (separation of powers). Louis XIV was a king. Voltaire was a satirist. Thomas Hobbes had a different political view.
• Question 25: Jean - Jacques Rousseau believed in direct democracy. Constitutional monarchy and republic are different forms. Dictatorship is not what he advocated.
• Question 26: In the Enlightenment, women did not run for office. They did urge entry into male - dominated fields, write about inequalities, and hold salons.

Answer:

1. b. Enlightenment
2. d. Social contract
3. a. John Locke
4. b. Philosophes
5. c. Voltaire
6. d. Baron de Montesquieu
7. a. Direct democracy
8. c. Running for office