Question

1. which patients are exempt from urine pregnancy testing and/or waiver?

○ a. those who have had a tubal ligation.
○ b. those who have had a hysterectomy or are 55 years of age and over, in menopause and not had a cycle in one year.
○ c. those who are currently on their menstrual period.
○ d. those undergoing a local procedure with no fluoroscopy.
○ e. both b and d.

Explanation:

To determine which patients are exempt from urine pregnancy testing and/or waiver, we analyze each option:

• Option a: Tubal ligation doesn't guarantee infertility (e.g., rare recanalization), so not exempt.
• Option b: Hysterectomy removes the uterus (no pregnancy possible), and 55+ in menopause with no cycle for a year have very low pregnancy risk, so they are exempt.
• Option c: Menstrual period doesn't rule out pregnancy, so not exempt.
• Option d: Local procedures with no fluoroscopy still may need pregnancy testing depending on risk, but the option states they are exempt? Wait, no—wait, the correct reasoning is that option b (hysterectomy or 55+, menopausal, no cycle) and option d (local procedure with no fluoroscopy) are both exempt. Wait, let's re - check:
• Hysterectomy: No uterus, so no pregnancy. 55+ in menopause with no cycle for a year: Very low chance of pregnancy.
• Local procedure with no fluoroscopy: Some protocols exempt these from pregnancy testing as the risk to fetus (if pregnant) is low. So option e (both b and d) is correct.

Answer:

e. Both b and d.