Question

1. in context to identify the meaning of a word

... (preceding text about nobel prize rules)
british chemist rosalind franklin is often cited as an example of why these rules should be changed. while working in london, franklin captured some of the earliest photographs of dna. franklin’s photography became key in helping uncover the structure of dna, but she did not share in the 1962 nobel prize in physiology or medicine, which recognized individuals who contributed to the discovery. franklin had died of ovarian cancer before the nobel prize nominations were made, making her ineligible for the award.
what is the meaning of contentious as used in the passage?
well known
unwritten
effective
disputed

Explanation:

To determine the meaning of "contentious", we analyze the context. The passage mentions that Rosalind Franklin's case is cited as a reason these rules should be changed, implying the rule is debated. "Well - known" means widely recognized, not related to debate. "Unwritten" refers to something not documented, not about controversy. "Ineffective" means not working well, not about disagreement. "Disputed" means argued about or debated, which fits the context of a rule that has people arguing for its change.

Answer:

disputed