Question

1. this is an excerpt from federalist no. 51.

the accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judicial in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self - appointed, or elective, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny. --james madison, federalist no. 51, 1788
what principle in the constitution helps to avoid the concentration of power that is described in the quotation?
a. right to trial
b. rule of law
c. checks and balances
d. popular sovereignty

1. how is the role of the judicial branch different from the legislative branch?

a. the legislative branch enforces laws, and the judicial branch strikes laws down.
b. the legislative branch makes laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws.
c. the legislative branch passes laws, and the judicial branch has the power to repeal laws.
d. the legislative branch cannot check the executive branch, but the judicial branch can.

Explanation:

For question 11:

• The principle of checks and balances in the Constitution is designed to prevent the concentration of power. It ensures that each branch (legislative, executive, judicial) has some oversight and influence over the others.
• The right to trial (A) is about legal procedures for individuals. The rule of law (B) is about laws applying equally. Popular sovereignty (D) is about the people being the source of power. But the quote is about power distribution, which checks and balances (C) addresses.

For question 12:

• The legislative branch's main role is to make laws. The judicial branch's role is to interpret laws.
• Option A is incorrect as the executive branch enforces laws. Option B is wrong as the judicial branch doesn't strike down laws in the sense described (that's more about judicial review in a different context here the key is interpretation). Option C is incorrect as the legislative can check the executive (e.g., Senate approval for appointments) and the judicial can't repeal laws in the way described.

Answer:

1. C. checks and balances
2. C. The legislative branch makes laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws.