10. name two ways that imperial powers controlled their colonies.
11. what is a protectorate?
12. what is it called when an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges, but did not rule the area?
13. how is a protectorate different from a sphere of influence?

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
Imperial powers controlled colonies through direct rule (sending officials to govern, imposing laws) and indirect rule (using local leaders to administer, maintaining local traditions while exerting control). Another way could be economic exploitation (controlling resources, trade).
# Answer:
Two ways: 1. Direct rule (e.g., sending colonial administrators, imposing imperial laws). 2. Indirect rule (e.g., using local elites to govern on behalf of the imperial power). (Or: Economic exploitation, like controlling trade and resources; Military presence to enforce control.)

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
A protectorate is a territory that is independent in internal affairs but has its foreign affairs and some security matters controlled by a more powerful state (the protector). The local ruler retains some authority but is under the protection and influence of the imperial power.
# Answer:
A protectorate is a territory with internal self - governance, but its foreign relations and often security are overseen by a more powerful (imperial) state. The local ruler remains in power but acknowledges the suzerainty of the protecting power.

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
When an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges without ruling the area, it's called a sphere of influence. In a sphere of influence, the external power has economic dominance (e.g., controlling trade routes, resource extraction rights) but doesn't exercise political rule over the territory.
# Answer:
Sphere of influence

### Question 13
# Brief Explanations:
In a protectorate, the local ruler has internal authority but foreign/security control is with the protector (the imperial power has a formal, often treaty - based, role in governance). In a sphere of influence, the external power has exclusive economic privileges (trade, investment) but no formal political rule or governance role; the local government still has full political control (in theory) except in economic matters related to the external power.
# Answer:
A protectorate involves the imperial power having a formal role in the protectorate's foreign/security affairs (local ruler has internal control but is under the protector's suzerainty). A sphere of influence is about exclusive economic privileges (trade/investment) for the external power, with no formal political governance of the area by that power.

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Question 10

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Question 11