Question

1. how are proteins formed?

Explanation:

Proteins are formed through a process called translation. First, DNA is transcribed into messenger - RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. Then, the mRNA moves to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. At the ribosomes, transfer - RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids according to the codons on the mRNA. Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain, which folds into a functional protein.

Answer:

Proteins are formed by the linking of amino acids via peptide bonds during translation, which involves transcription of DNA to mRNA and the action of ribosomes and tRNA in the cytoplasm.