Question

which of the following constitutes an example of an unlawful, warrantless search, according to the fourth amendment?
a an individual allows a deputy sheriff to open their cars trunk.
b an accused individuals name is run through a law enforcement database.
c a police officer opens a passengers hard - sided suitcase on an intercity bus.
d a police officer stops a pedestrian who dropped drug paraphernalia on a sidewalk.

Explanation:

The Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. A warrantless search is generally unconstitutional unless it falls under an exception. In option A, the individual gives consent, which is an exception. In option B, running a name through a database is not a physical search of property. In option D, the officer has probable cause (drug paraphernalia dropped). Option C, a police officer opening a passenger's hard - sided suitcase without a warrant (and no applicable exception like consent or exigent circumstances) is an unlawful, warrantless search under the Fourth Amendment.

Answer:

C. A police officer opens a passenger’s hard - sided suitcase on an intercity bus.