Question

1. what does it mean to paraphrase?

to sum up the meaning of a passage in one sentence
to present only the main idea of the passage
to reduce a long, complicated passage to a briefer, clearer one
to restate a passage so it means the same thing but in your words

Explanation:

Paraphrasing means restating a passage in one's own words while keeping the original meaning. Summing up in one sentence (first option) is more of a summary. Presenting only the main idea (second option) is also a form of summarizing. Reducing a passage (third option) might lose some details. The key for paraphrasing is restating with the same meaning in one's own words.

Answer:

to restate a passage so it means the same thing but in your words