Question

what kind(s) of mutation(s) cause a frameshift? select all that apply insertion deletion substitution

Explanation:

Frameshift mutations occur when nucleotides are inserted or deleted (not in multiples of three), altering the reading frame. Substitution mutations replace one nucleotide with another and do not cause a frameshift as they do not shift the reading frame (unless multiple substitutions in a non - three - nucleotide - multiple way, but generally substitution is not a frameshift cause).

Answer:

Insertion, Deletion