Question

use the following passage to answer questions 10 - 14. diabetes is a major health concern worldwide, characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood. one important hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels is insulin. however, some individuals develop insulin resistance, leading to type 2 diabetes. the glucose - transporter protein type 4 (glut4) plays a crucial role in glucose uptake. insulin stimulates glut4 translocation to the cell membrane, facilitating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. in people with type 2 diabetes, the translocation of glut4 to the cell membrane is impaired, reducing glucose uptake and increasing blood glucose levels. to explore potential treatments, researchers conducted an experiment where they injected mice with type 2 diabetes with a compound that can activate the glut4 gene. they then measured the blood glucose levels in the mice over the course of 72 hours. 10. what is the independent variable? (1.01) a. the compound b. the blood glucose levels c. the glut4 gene d. the insulin levels 11. what is the dependent variable? (1.01) a. the glut4 gene b. blood glucose levels c. the compound d. the insulin levels 12. which of the following best represents a potential hypothesis that the researchers were testing? (1.01) a. mice injected with the compound that activates the glut4 gene will have increased blood glucose levels because the glut4 gene will enhance glucose uptake into cells. b. mice injected with the compound that activates the glut4 gene will have reduced blood glucose levels because the glut4 gene will enhance glucose uptake into cells. c. mice injected with the compound that activates the glut4 gene will have reduced blood glucose levels because the glut4 gene will impair glucose uptake into cells. d. mice injected with the compound that activates the glut4 gene will have increased blood glucose levels because the glut4 gene will impair glucose uptake into cells. 13. if the null hypothesis was supported, what results would the researchers expect to see? (1.01) a. the blood glucose levels in the mice treated with the compound would be the same or similar to mice not treated with the compound. b. the blood glucose levels in the mice treated with the compound would increase in comparison to mice not treated with the compound. c. the blood glucose levels in the mice treated with the compound would decrease in comparison to mice not treated with the compound. d. the blood glucose levels in the mice treated with the compound would fluctuate unpredictably compared to mice not treated with the compound. 14. which of the following represents a suitable positive control for the experiment? (1.01) a. mice exposed to no treatment. b. mice exposed to a treatment known to increase blood glucose levels. c. mice exposed to a treatment known to reduce blood glucose levels. d. mice exposed to a placebo treatment.

Explanation:

1. The independent variable is what the researchers manipulate. Here, they inject a compound, so the compound is the independent variable.
2. The dependent variable is what is measured and affected by the independent variable. Blood - glucose levels are being measured, so they are the dependent variable.
3. Activating GLUT4 gene enhances glucose uptake, which should reduce blood - glucose levels. So the hypothesis is that mice injected with the compound that activates the GLUT4 gene will have reduced blood - glucose levels.
4. If the null hypothesis is supported, there is no effect of the treatment. So the blood - glucose levels in treated and non - treated mice would be the same or similar.
5. A positive control shows the expected effect. For an experiment aiming to reduce blood - glucose levels, a treatment known to reduce blood - glucose levels is a suitable positive control.

Answer:

1. a. The compound
2. b. Blood glucose levels
3. b. Mice injected with the compound that activates the GLUT4 gene will have reduced blood glucose levels because the GLUT4 gene will enhance glucose uptake into cells.
4. a. The blood glucose levels in the mice treated with the compound would be the same or similar to mice not treated with the compound.
5. c. Mice exposed to a treatment known to reduce blood glucose levels.