Question

read the passage and use the diagram to answer the next two questions. the following figure shows the bond formation of sodium chloride which is a compound commonly known as table salt. which of the following statements are true once the sodium chloride bond formation shown in the figure takes place? select all that apply. the electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms an ionic bond. the electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms a polar covalent bond. the resulting sodium cation has a stable octet in its valence shell. the electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms a nonpolar bond. the resulting chlorine anion has a stable octet in its valence shell.

Explanation:

• Ionic bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions. Sodium loses an electron to become \(Na^{+}\) (positive ion) and chlorine gains an electron to become \(Cl^{-}\) (negative ion). So, the electrostatic attraction between them forms an ionic bond.
• A polar covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared unequally between atoms (occurs in covalent compounds). A non - polar bond is formed when electrons are shared equally (also in covalent compounds). Since this is an ionic bond formation (transfer of electrons), options about polar and non - polar covalent bonds are incorrect.
• Sodium (\(Na\)) has 1 electron in its valence shell. When it loses 1 electron to form \(Na^{+}\), its valence shell (now the shell one less than the original valence shell) has 8 electrons (a stable octet). Chlorine (\(Cl\)) has 7 electrons in its valence shell. When it gains 1 electron to form \(Cl^{-}\), its valence shell has 8 electrons (a stable octet).

Answer:

• The electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms an ionic bond.
• The resulting sodium cation has a stable octet in its valence shell.
• The resulting chlorine anion has a stable octet in its valence shell.