Question

question
most of the electrons removed from glucose by cellular respiration are used for which of the following processes?
answer
reducing nad+ to nadh in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and producing a proton gradient for atp synthesis in the mitochondria.
reducing nad+ to nadh in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
driving substrate - level phosphorylation in glycolysis
producing a proton gradient for atp synthesis in the mitochondria
producing a proton gradient for atp synthesis in the mitochondria and driving substrate - level phosphorylation in glycolysis
i dont know yet

Explanation:

• In cellular respiration, electrons removed from glucose during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle reduce \(NAD^{+}\) to \(NADH\).
• These electrons carried by \(NADH\) (and \(FADH_{2}\)) are then used in the electron - transport chain in mitochondria.
• The electron - transport chain pumps protons (\(H^{+}\)) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient.
• This proton gradient is used by ATP synthase to synthesize ATP via chemiosmosis.
• Substrate - level phosphorylation in glycolysis (and the citric acid cycle) is a process that directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP and does not directly use the electrons removed from glucose in the way described in the question.

Answer:

Reducing \(NAD^{+}\) to \(NADH\) in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle AND producing a proton gradient for ATP synthesis in the mitochondria.