Question

question 16
which of the following might contribute to respiratory alkalosis?
a loss of gastric secretions from vomiting
b accumulation of ketone bodies in a diabetic patient
c obstruction of airways
d hyperventilation
question 17
the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a gentle expiration is the:
a tidal volume

Explanation:

• Option A: Loss of gastric secretions from vomiting leads to metabolic alkalosis (due to loss of hydrogen ions), not respiratory alkalosis.
• Option B: Accumulation of ketone bodies in a diabetic patient causes metabolic acidosis (ketone bodies are acidic).
• Option C: Obstruction of airways leads to respiratory acidosis (impaired carbon dioxide elimination).
• Option D: Hyperventilation causes excessive elimination of carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)). Since \(CO_2 + H_2O

ightleftharpoons H_2CO_3
ightleftharpoons H^+ + HCO_3^-\), a decrease in \(CO_2\) shifts the equilibrium to the left, reducing \(H^+\) concentration and increasing pH (respiratory alkalosis).

Answer:

D. Hyperventilation