Question

question 12 of 20
after the industrial revolution, how did european imperialism affect africa?
a. arbitrarily formed boundaries caused wars between rival tribes.
b. countries that were not colonized developed strong alliances with one another.
c. european industry and technology caused african economies to flourish.
d. african tribes were allowed to govern themselves if they gave resources to europeans.

Explanation:

During European imperialism in Africa after the Industrial Revolution, the Berlin Conference (1884 - 1885) led to the arbitrary division of Africa. European powers drew boundaries without considering existing ethnic, tribal, or cultural divisions. This led to rival tribes being placed in the same or adjacent colonial territories, causing conflicts. For example, in Rwanda, the division between Hutu and Tutsi was exacerbated by colonial policies and boundary - making.

• Option B is incorrect because most of Africa was colonized. Only a few regions like Ethiopia (with a brief Italian occupation) and Liberia remained independent, and there was no widespread formation of strong alliances among non - colonized areas on a continental scale.
• Option C is wrong. European imperialism exploited African resources. African economies were oriented towards providing raw materials (like rubber, minerals) to European industries rather than flourishing through balanced development. Local industries were suppressed.
• Option D is false. African tribes were subjugated. There was no widespread policy of allowing self - governance in exchange for resources. European powers established direct or indirect rule, aiming to control and exploit, not to grant self - governance.

Answer:

A. Arbitrarily formed boundaries caused wars between rival tribes.