Question

question 1-5
read the following scenario and answer the question below.

an article published in an academic journal has the title \how the black death freed europe.\

which main idea would most likely be found in the article?

○ the black death caused labor shortages that led to the abandonment of serfdom.
○ the black death caused losses of faith that led to rebellions against religious rulers.
○ the black death caused medical advances that led to increased reliance on science.
○ the black death caused deaths of church leaders that led to the end of church land-ownership.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option 1: The Black Death (14th - century plague) killed many, creating labor shortages. Lords needed workers, so serfdom (where serfs were tied to land) declined as workers could demand better terms or move. This aligns with "freeing Europe" from serfdom.
• Option 2: While faith wavered, rebellions against religious rulers weren't a direct main effect of labor shortages or the core of "freeing" in the economic/social structure shift.
• Option 3: Medical advances during the Black Death were minimal; the plague was poorly understood then, so this is incorrect.
• Option 4: Church leaders' deaths didn't end church land - ownership. Church land ownership declined over time for other reasons, not direct deaths of leaders from the plague.

Answer:

The Black Death caused labor shortages that led to the abandonment of serfdom. (The first option: "The Black Death caused labor shortages that led to the abandonment of serfdom.")