Question

plowing a field starts which type of succession?
secondary
tertiary
primary

Explanation:

Ecological succession: Primary succession occurs on lifeless, newly formed substrates (e.g., bare rock). Secondary succession happens in areas where a disturbance (like plowing a field, which removes existing vegetation but leaves soil intact) disrupts an existing ecosystem. Tertiary succession is not a standard ecological succession type. Plowing a field leaves soil (a key component for new growth) and removes previous vegetation, so it starts secondary succession.

Answer:

A. secondary