peptide bonds
30. what is the monomer of a protein called?
31. what is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
32. what are the two types of nucleic acids?
33. label the 3 parts of a nucleotide
34. what is the difference between dna and rna?
35. which macromolecule is pictured below? label each:
36. what type of macromolecule is an enzyme?
37. what do enzymes do?
38. label the image below:

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 30: What is the monomer of a protein called?
# Brief Explanations:
Proteins are polymers made up of smaller units (monomers) called amino acids. Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins.
# Answer:
Amino acid

### Question 31: What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
# Brief Explanations:
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are polymers. Their monomers are nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
# Answer:
Nucleotide

### Question 32: What are the two types of nucleic acids?
# Brief Explanations:
The two main types of nucleic acids are Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). DNA stores genetic information, while RNA has various roles including protein synthesis.
# Answer:
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

### Question 33: Label the 3 parts of a nucleotide
# Brief Explanations:
A nucleotide has three components: 1) A pentose sugar (either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA), 2) A phosphate group, and 3) A nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine/uracil, cytosine, guanine). In the given diagram, the circle represents the phosphate group, the pentagon represents the sugar, and the rectangle represents the nitrogenous base.
# Answer:
- Phosphate group (the circle)
- Pentose sugar (the pentagon)
- Nitrogenous base (the rectangle)

### Question 34: What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
# Brief Explanations:
- **Sugar**: DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose.
- **Bases**: DNA has adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G); RNA has adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), guanine (G) (uracil replaces thymine).
- **Structure**: DNA is double - stranded (double helix), RNA is usually single - stranded.
- **Function**: DNA stores genetic information; RNA is involved in protein synthesis (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) and other regulatory roles.
# Answer:
- Sugar: DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose.
- Bases: DNA has T, RNA has U (uracil).
- Structure: DNA is double - stranded, RNA is single - stranded.
- Function: DNA stores genetic info, RNA is for protein synthesis/regulation.

### Question 35: Which macromolecule is pictured below? Label each:
#### First diagram (left):
# Brief Explanations:
The first diagram shows a structure with a glycerol backbone and fatty acid chains, which is characteristic of a lipid (specifically a triglyceride or phospholipid). Lipids are macromolecules (though not always considered polymers) that include fats, oils, phospholipids, etc.
# Answer:
Lipid (Triglyceride/Phospholipid) - consists of glycerol and fatty acid chains.

#### Second diagram (middle):
# Brief Explanations:
The middle diagram shows a complex, folded structure which is typical of a protein. Proteins are made of amino acids and have specific three - dimensional structures related to their function (e.g., enzymes, structural proteins).
# Answer:
Protein - made of amino acids, has a folded, complex structure.

#### Third diagram (right):
# Brief Explanations:
The right diagram shows a chain of sugar molecules (monosaccharides linked together), which is characteristic of a carbohydrate (specifically a polysaccharide, like starch or glycogen). Carbohydrates are made of sugar monomers.
# Answer:
Carbohydrate (Polysaccharide) - made of linked sugar (monosaccharide) units.

### Question 36: What type of macromolecule is an enzyme?
# Brief Explanations:
Most enzymes are proteins. Some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can also act as enzymes, but the vast majority of enzymes are proteins, which are made of amino acids and have catalytic activity.
# Answer:
Protein (some are RNA - ribozymes, but mostly protein)

### Question 37: What do enzymes do?
# Brief Explanations:
Enzymes are biological catalysts. They speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. They are specific to their substrate (the molecule they act on) and can be involved in processes like digestion, metabolism, and DNA replication.
# Answer:
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

### Question 38: Label the image below (enzyme - related graph)
# Brief Explanations:
The graph likely shows the energy profile of a chemical reaction with and without an enzyme. The y - axis is energy, the x - axis is the reaction progress. The higher curve is the reaction without an enzyme (higher activation energy), the lower curve is with an enzyme (lower activation energy). The labels would be:
- **Activation energy (without enzyme)**: The height of the upper curve from the reactants' energy level to the peak.
- **Activation energy (with enzyme)**: The height of the lower curve from the reactants' energy level to its peak.
- **Reactants**: The starting energy level on the left.
- **Products**: The final energy level on the right.
- **Enzyme - catalyzed reaction curve**: The lower curve.
- **Uncatalyzed reaction curve**: The upper curve.
# Answer:
- Upper curve: Uncatalyzed reaction (higher activation energy)
- Lower curve: Enzyme - catalyzed reaction (lower activation energy)
- Peak of upper curve: Activation energy (uncatalyzed)
- Peak of lower curve: Activation energy (catalyzed)
- Left - most point: Reactants (initial energy)
- Right - most point: Products (final energy)

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 30: What is the monomer of a protein called?

Answer:

Question 31: What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?