Question

part 4: bases

1. a base is a substance that produces _ ions (oh-) in solution.
2. the hydroxide ions are _ charged.
3. properties of bases: 1. feel _ 2. taste _ 3. strong bases are _
4. litmus paper turns _ in a base.
5. many soaps, _, and cleaning products contain bases.
6. the most widely used base is _ (nh3).

Explanation:

1. According to the Arrhenius definition, a base produces hydroxide ($OH^-$) ions in solution.
2. Hydroxide ions ($OH^-$) have a negative charge.
3. Bases have characteristic properties: they feel slippery (due to reaction with oils on skin), taste bitter (not to be tasted in lab), and strong bases are caustic (corrosive).
4. Litmus paper turns blue in a base (blue litmus stays blue, red litmus turns blue).
5. Many soaps, detergents, and cleaning products contain bases (e.g., sodium hydroxide in some drain cleaners).
6. Ammonia ($NH_3$) is a very common base, widely used in various applications like in fertilizers (after reaction to form ammonium compounds) and in cleaning.

Answer:

1. hydroxide
2. negatively
3. 1. slippery 2. bitter 3. caustic
4. blue
5. detergents
6. ammonia