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europe: kingdoms, feudalism, and wars unit
review sheet
you need to be able to answer the following questions:
1. what is parliament?
2. what are some of the rights guaranteed by the magna carta?
3. in what battle did william the conqueror defeat harold godwinson?
4. what was the series of conflicts between england and france between 1337 and 1453 ce called?
5. in 1071 ce, what group took control of palestine, known as the holy land to christians?

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1: What is parliament?
# Brief Explanations:
A parliament is a legislative body in a country, often with representatives elected or appointed, that makes laws, debates policies, and oversees the government. In European history, like in England, it evolved to limit monarchical power and represent different societal groups (e.g., nobles, clergy, commoners over time).
# Answer:
A parliament is a legislative assembly (or body) that makes laws, debates public policy, and often has the power to oversee or check the executive branch of government. In historical European contexts (e.g., English Parliament), it developed to represent various societal groups (e.g., nobles, later commoners) and limit monarchical authority.

### Question 2: What are some of the rights guaranteed by the Magna Carta?
# Brief Explanations:
The Magna Carta (1215) guaranteed rights like the right to a fair trial (habeas corpus - no unlawful imprisonment), protection from excessive fines/taxes without consent of the governed (e.g., barons' consent initially, later broader), and limited the king's arbitrary power over property and justice. It established the principle that even the king was subject to the law.
# Answer:
- Right to a fair legal process (habeas corpus: no unlawful detention; trial by jury or peers).
- Protection from excessive fines, taxes, or seizures of property without proper consent (initially barons’ consent, a precursor to “no taxation without representation”).
- Limited the king’s arbitrary power, establishing the principle that the monarch was not above the law.

### Question 3: In what battle did William the Conqueror defeat Harold Godwinson?
# Brief Explanations:
William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy) defeated Harold Godwinson (Anglo - Saxon king of England) at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. This battle led to the Norman Conquest of England.
# Answer:
The Battle of Hastings (in 1066 CE).

### Question 4: What was the series of conflicts between England and France between 1337 and 1453 CE called?
# Brief Explanations:
The conflicts between England and France from 1337 to 1453 CE are known as the Hundred Years' War. It was fought over territorial claims (e.g., French lands held by English nobles) and issues of succession to the French throne.
# Answer:
The Hundred Years' War.

### Question 5: In 1071 CE, what group took control of Palestine, known as the Holy Land to Christians?
# Brief Explanations:
In 1071 CE, the Seljuk Turks (a Muslim group) took control of Palestine (the Holy Land). This event contributed to the motivation for the later Crusades, as Christian pilgrims faced restrictions and Christians sought to regain control of sacred sites.
# Answer:
The Seljuk Turks.

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Explanation:

Question 1: What is parliament?

Answer:

Question 2: What are some of the rights guaranteed by the Magna Carta?