Question

multiple choice 1 point which of the following is a process in which oxygen is released as a by - product of oxidation - reduction reactions? calvin cycle (light - independent reactions of photosynthesis) glycolysis krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) light - dependent reactions of photosynthesis chemiosmosis multiple choice 1 point carbohydrate - synthesizing reactions of photosynthesis directly require light

Explanation:

• Glycolysis: Occurs in the cytoplasm, breaks down glucose into pyruvate, no oxygen release.
• Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle): Takes place in mitochondria, further breaks down pyruvate, no oxygen release.
• Calvin cycle (light - independent reactions of photosynthesis): Occurs in chloroplast stroma, fixes \(CO_2\), no oxygen release.
• Light - dependent reactions of photosynthesis: In thylakoid membranes, water is split (\(2H_2O

ightarrow O_2 + 4H^{+}+4e^{-}\)), oxygen is released as a by - product.

• Chemiosmosis: In both mitochondria (cellular respiration) and chloroplasts (photosynthesis), it is about proton gradient - driven ATP synthesis, not directly about oxygen release as a by - product of oxidation - reduction in the sense of the question (in photosynthesis light - dependent reactions are the source of \(O_2\) release, and chemiosmosis is a part of the energy - harnessing mechanism).

Answer:

Light - dependent reactions of photosynthesis