Question

in march 2003, the pew research group surveyed adult americans and asked, \do you believe the united states made the right or wrong decision to use military force in iraq?\ in a 1,282 adult portion of americans from the survey, 919 stated the united states made the right decision. the pew research group then asked the same question to a group of adult americans in august 2010. in a 1,282 adult portion of that survey, 535 believed the united states made the right decision. complete parts (a) and (b)
click here to view the standard normal distribution table (page 1).
click here to view the standard normal distribution table (page 2).
(a) in the survey question, the choices
ight\ and \wrong\ were randomly rotated. why? choose the correct answer
a. to remove any potential nonsampling error due to the respondent hearing the word
ight\ or \wrong\ first
b. to reduce the possibility of a type ii error where the null hypothesis is not rejected even though the alternative hypothesis is true
c. to remove any potential sampling error because the randomization is introduced naturally by the survey question.
d. to reduce the possibility of a type i error where the null hypothesis is rejected even though the null hypothesis is true

Explanation:

When conducting surveys, the order of presenting options can influence responses. Nonsampling errors are errors that occur in data collection other than sampling errors. If "right" was always presented first, respondents might be more inclined to choose it (or vice - versa for "wrong") due to primacy effects. Rotating the options helps remove this potential bias, which is a type of nonsampling error.
Type I and Type II errors are related to hypothesis testing in statistical inference (not directly related to survey question design in this context). Sampling error is related to the variability between samples due to the sampling process (randomization in sampling, not in question design).

Answer:

A. To remove any potential nonsampling error due to the respondent hearing the word "right" or "wrong" first.