Question

many scientists use chemical inhibitors to interfere with normal signaling pathways within eukaryotic cells. if such inhibitors are large, polar molecules, what is the likely method of action of these chemical inhibitors?
these chemical inhibitors likely enter eukaryotic cells and interfere with components of the signal transduction pathway
these chemical inhibitors likely function in the cytoplasm, where they interfere with the termination of signalling, so eukaryotic cells cant process new signals
these chemical inhibitors likely bind to receptors on the cell surface and interfere with receptor activation or signal - receptor binding
these chemical inhibitors likely enter the nucleus and prevent the transcription of the pathway of interests target genes
multiple choice 1 point
in order for a g protein signaling to be active:
the receptor must activate transcription in the nucleus
a(alpha) subunit must bind gtp
the β(beta) and γ(gamma) subunits must have kinase activity
protein kinase a (pka) must first bind to camp

Explanation:

Large, polar molecules cannot easily cross the cell membrane. Cell - surface receptors are located on the plasma membrane. Chemical inhibitors that bind to cell - surface receptors (on the cell surface) and interfere with receptor activation or signal - receptor binding would be effective as they can interact with the receptors without needing to enter the cell (since they are large and polar).

Answer:

These chemical inhibitors likely bind to receptors on the cell surface and interfere with receptor activation or signal - receptor binding