Question

in the life sciences its often helpful to interpret terminology using word roots. as an example, the term \chromosome\ comes from the greek word roots chromo, meaning \color\, and soma, meaning \body\. which description of a chromosome is consistent with these word roots?
a chromosome is a technique that is used to separate different colors of pigments.
a chromosome is a cell that contains a pigment.
a chromosome is a structure that changes color when stained with certain pigments.
the
ibo-\ in ribosome refers to the 5 - carbon sugar ribose; the \-some\ is from the greek word root soma, for body. so you could think of ribosome as meaning
ibose - body.\ which of these options makes the most sense of this interpretation for the term ribosome?
ribosomes are large, multi - unit molecular machines.
ribosomes are particle - like structures that contain rna (as well as proteins), and ribose is the sugar in rna.
ribosomes are not classified as organelles because they are not surrounded by a membrane.
translated from latin, organelle means \little tool.\ this is appropriate, as organelles fit inside the cell and perform a specific function.
true
false
the cell wall is made of long, rod - like carbohydrates with gaps that allow water to slip through. if a cell has a higher concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell than outside, water enters the cell via osmosis. this makes the cell expand. what role does the cell wall play when this happens?
it is so stiff and strong that it does not allow water to enter.
it resists the expansion and prevents the cell from rupturing and dying.
it shrinks and forces water back out of the cell.

Explanation:

For the first question about chromosome:

• Chromosome comes from chromo (color) and soma (body). When stained with certain pigments (which give color), chromosomes (as structures) change color. So the description "A chromosome is a structure that changes color when stained with certain pigments" is consistent.

For the second question about ribosome:

• Ribosome has "ribo - " (related to ribose, which is in RNA) and "-some" (body). Ribosomes are particle - like structures that contain RNA (with ribose) and proteins. So the option "Ribosomes are particle - like structures that contain RNA (as well as proteins), and ribose is the sugar in RNA" makes sense.

For the third question about organelle:

• Organelle means "little tool" and organelles perform specific functions inside the cell, so the statement is True.

For the fourth question about cell wall:

• When water enters the cell (by osmosis due to concentration gradient) and the cell expands, the cell wall (made of rigid carbohydrates) resists the expansion and prevents the cell from rupturing.

Answer:

For the chromosome question: C. A chromosome is a structure that changes color when stained with certain pigments.
For the ribosome question: B. Ribosomes are particle - like structures that contain RNA (as well as proteins), and ribose is the sugar in RNA.
For the organelle question: A. True.
For the cell wall question: B. It resists the expansion and prevents the cell from rupturing and dying.