Question

iv. cell division (1.4)
a. purpose
cell division is needed for growth, repair, and ______.
b. cell cycle
the longest phase of the cell cycle is ______.
dna replication occurs during the ______ phase
c. mitosis phases
in ______, chromosomes become visible.
in ______, chromosomes line up in the middle.
in ______, sister chromatids separate.
in ______, two nuclei begin to form.
______ is the division of the cytoplasm.

v. photosynthesis (1.5)
a. basics
photosynthesis occurs in the ______.
the main pigment used is ______.
organisms that make their own food are called ______.
consumers that must eat others are called ______.
b. reactions
light - dependent reactions occur in the ______.
light - independent cycle occurs in the ______.
c. photosynthesis reaction
the equation:
____ + __ → __ + ____
(carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen)

Explanation:

IV. Cell Division (1.4)

A. Purpose

Cell division serves growth, repair, and reproduction (e.g., asexual reproduction like binary fission in bacteria or mitotic division for growth in multicellular organisms).

B. Cell Cycle

• The cell cycle has interphase (longest, with G₁, S, G₂) and mitotic phase. Interphase is longest as cells grow, replicate DNA, and prepare for division.
• DNA replication happens in S phase of interphase to duplicate genetic material.

C. Mitosis Phases

• Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down.
• Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plate (middle).
• Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate, pulled to opposite poles.
• Telophase: Two new nuclei form around separated chromosomes.
• Cytokinesis: Division of cytoplasm, forming two daughter cells (e.g., cleavage furrow in animals, cell plate in plants).

V. Photosynthesis (1.5)

A. Basics

Answer:

reproduction (or asexual reproduction)