Question

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Explanation:

The question is about the start of surveillance history in the context of "Political Domination and the Means of Violence". The first option mentions 19th - century imperial powers testing surveillance technologies (fingerprinting) on foreign populations, which aligns with the earliest start among the options. Facial recognition (1964 - 1966), WWII - era CCTVs, and 1890s wiretapping are later or not as foundational to the "history of surveillance" in the context of political domination as the 19th - century imperial surveillance efforts.

Answer:

A. "[Imperial] powers tested technologies to police and control their citizens on foreign populations first, [including] SirFrancis Galton’s pioneering work on fingerprinting applied in India and South Africa" in the nineteenth century.