Question

how can parasympatric speciation occur?
two species are completely cut off by an ocean and never interact again, forming different species.
two groups rapidly develop into similar species in two completely separate environments.
a hybrid species develops from two separate species, and the hybrids become a new species.

Explanation:

Parasympatric speciation occurs when a hybrid species develops from two separate species, and the hybrids become a new species. In sympatric speciation (a related concept), there is no geographical isolation. Parasympatric speciation (though less commonly emphasized compared to allopatric and sympatric) can involve some degree of non - complete geographical separation but still allows for some gene flow. The first option describes allopatric speciation (geographical barrier - ocean). The second option is more about convergent evolution (developing similar traits in separate environments) rather than speciation in the context of parasympatric. The third option aligns with the idea of a new species arising from hybridization which can be part of parasympatric (or sympatric) speciation scenarios.

Answer:

A hybrid species develops from two separate species, and the hybrids become a new species.