Question

how do lewis dot diagrams help model bonding in chemical compounds?
by representing the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
by illustrating the valence electrons and how they are shared or transferred during chemical bonding
by showing the physical shape and size of molecules
by calculating the molecular weight of a compound

Explanation:

Lewis dot diagrams focus on valence electrons. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus (not shown in Lewis diagrams). Molecular shape (VSEPR theory) and molecular weight (calculated via atomic masses) are not depicted in Lewis dot diagrams. Lewis diagrams show valence electrons and their sharing/transfer (ionic/covalent bonding).

Answer:

By illustrating the valence electrons and how they are shared or transferred during chemical bonding