genetics review sheet
remember to study the vocabulary for the unit!!
complete the following fill in the blank and short answer questions.
1. who is gregor mendel and what did he do?
2. what is the purpose of a punnett square?
3. if there are 46 chromosomes in a human, how many chromosomes would be present in a haploid cell (sperm or egg)? ______________
4. how many cells are formed in the process of mitosis? ______________
5. in mitosis, an original cell of a fruit fly has 8 chromosomes, how many would each new cell have? ____________ is this described as haploid or diploid?
6. how many cells are formed in the process of meiosis? ______________
7. in meiosis, an original cell of a fruit fly has 8 chromosomes, how many would each new cell (sperm or egg) have? ____________ is this described as haploid or diploid?
8. give the correct genoty rs t & t, where t = tall and t = short.

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1:
# Brief Explanations:
Gregor Mendel is known as the "father of genetics." He conducted experiments with pea plants, studying traits like flower color, seed shape, etc. Through his work, he established the basic principles of inheritance, including the laws of segregation and independent assortment, by observing how traits were passed from parent to offspring in pea plants.
# Answer:
Gregor Mendel is the "father of genetics." He conducted pea - plant experiments to establish principles of inheritance (laws of segregation, independent assortment) by studying trait transmission from parents to offspring.

### Question 2:
# Brief Explanations:
A Punnett Square is a tool used in genetics. Its purpose is to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring resulting from a genetic cross (mating between two organisms). It helps visualize the probability of different genetic combinations being passed on from the parents to the next generation by showing all possible allele combinations from the parents' gametes.
# Answer:
The purpose of a Punnett Square is to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross, and to show the probability of different genetic combinations in offspring.

### Question 3:
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Recall the definition of haploid and diploid cells.
A diploid cell (like a normal human body cell) has two sets of chromosomes. A haploid cell (like sperm or egg) has half the number of chromosomes of a diploid cell.
## Step 2: Calculate the number of chromosomes in a haploid cell.
If a human diploid cell has 46 chromosomes, then a haploid cell (sperm or egg) will have $\frac{46}{2}=23$ chromosomes.
# Answer:
23

### Question 4:
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Recall the process of mitosis.
Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
## Step 2: Determine the number of cells formed.
During mitosis, one parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
# Answer:
2

### Question 5:
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Recall the nature of mitosis.
Mitosis is a cell division process that results in daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (it is a process of cell replication for growth, repair, etc.).
## Step 2: Determine the number of chromosomes in daughter cells.
If the original fruit - fly cell has 8 chromosomes, each new cell formed by mitosis will also have 8 chromosomes.
## Step 3: Determine if the cell is haploid or diploid.
Since the number of chromosomes is the same as the parent cell (which is a diploid cell, as it has two sets of chromosomes in a normal fruit - fly body cell), the new cells are diploid.
# Answer:
8; diploid

### Question 6:
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Recall the process of meiosis.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg). It consists of two successive divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II.
## Step 2: Determine the number of cells formed.
One parent cell undergoes meiosis to form four daughter cells.
# Answer:
4

### Question 7:
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Recall the nature of meiosis.
Meiosis is a cell division process that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. This is because during meiosis, the cell goes through two rounds of division, and the chromosomes are replicated once but divided twice.
## Step 2: Calculate the number of chromosomes in the new cells.
If the original fruit - fly cell has 8 chromosomes, after meiosis (which halves the chromosome number), each new cell (sperm or egg) will have $\frac{8}{2} = 4$ chromosomes.
## Step 3: Determine if the cell is haploid or diploid.
Since the number of chromosomes is half of the parent cell (which is a diploid cell), the new cells (sperm or egg) are haploid.
# Answer:
4; haploid

(Note: The 8th question seems to be incomplete. If you can provide the full question, I can answer it as well.)

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 1:

Step 1: Recall the definition of haploid and diploid cells.

Step 2: Calculate the number of chromosomes in a haploid cell.

Answer:

Question 2: