Question

in a formal argument, what is the relationship between reasons and evidence?
reasons are given to back up the writer’s evidence, which in turn proves the claim.
reasons and evidence are different words for the explanations that back up a writer’s
claim.
reasons are logical explanations, while evidence consists mainly of anecdotes to
illustrate the writer’s point.
reasons explain why the claim is valid, and evidence backs up the reasons with facts.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• First option: Incorrect. Evidence backs up reasons, not vice versa.
• Second option: Incorrect. Reasons and evidence are distinct; reasons are explanations, evidence is factual support.
• Third option: Incorrect. Evidence isn't mainly anecdotes; it includes facts, data, etc.
• Fourth option: Correct. Reasons explain why a claim is valid, and evidence (facts, data) backs up those reasons.

Answer:

D. Reasons explain why the claim is valid, and evidence backs up the reasons with facts.