Question

environmental factors can cause various changes in ecosystems. which of the following would most likely have the greatest lasting effect on an ecosystem?
a. a seasonal excess of fertilizer runoff
b. a disease among a population
c. change to the landscape from construction
d. seasonal drought

please select the best answer from the choices provided

○ a
○ b
○ c
○ d

Explanation:

• Option A: Seasonal fertilizer runoff is temporary; ecosystems can recover as the excess nutrients flush out or get processed over time.
• Option B: A disease in a population may reduce numbers, but populations can rebound through reproduction or immigration, and the ecosystem's physical structure remains.
• Option C: Construction - related landscape change (e.g., building, road - making) permanently alters the physical environment (habitat destruction, fragmentation). This affects species' ability to find food, shelter, and mates, and the ecosystem's structure and function long - term.
• Option D: Seasonal drought is a temporary water shortage; ecosystems adapt or recover when water returns.

Answer:

C. change to the landscape from construction