Question

c. determine the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in the following isotopes that are used in medical diagnoses.

atomic number 9, mass number 18, charge of 1-

atomic number 43, mass number 99, charge of 7+

atomic number 53, atomic mass number 131, charge of 1-

atomic number 81, atomic mass number 201, charge of 1+

{}_{5}^{10}b

{}_{80}^{199}hg

{}_{29}^{63}cu

Explanation:

Step1: Proton number from atomic number

Atomic number = number of protons.
For atomic number 9: \(9\) protons.
For atomic number 43: \(43\) protons.
For atomic number 53: \(53\) protons.
For atomic number 81: \(81\) protons.
For \(_{5}^{10}\text{B}\): \(5\) protons.
For \(_{80}^{199}\text{Hg}\): \(80\) protons.
For \(_{29}^{63}\text{Cu}\): \(29\) protons.

Step2: Electron number from charge

Electrons = protons - charge.
For charge \(1-\) (atomic number 9): \(9 + 1=10\) electrons.
For charge \(7+\) (atomic number 43): \(43-7 = 36\) electrons.
For charge \(1-\) (atomic number 53): \(53 + 1=54\) electrons.
For charge \(1+\) (atomic number 81): \(81-1 = 80\) electrons.
For neutral \(_{5}^{10}\text{B}\): \(5\) electrons.
For neutral \(_{80}^{199}\text{Hg}\): \(80\) electrons.
For neutral \(_{29}^{63}\text{Cu}\): \(29\) electrons.

Step3: Neutron number from mass number

Neutrons = mass number - protons.
For mass number 18 (atomic number 9): \(18 - 9=9\) neutrons.
For mass number 99 (atomic number 43): \(99 - 43=56\) neutrons.
For mass number 131 (atomic number 53): \(131 - 53=78\) neutrons.
For mass number 201 (atomic number 81): \(201 - 81=120\) neutrons.
For \(_{5}^{10}\text{B}\): \(10 - 5=5\) neutrons.
For \(_{80}^{199}\text{Hg}\): \(199 - 80=119\) neutrons.
For \(_{29}^{63}\text{Cu}\): \(63 - 29=34\) neutrons.

Step4: Element name from atomic number

Atomic number 9: Fluorine.
Atomic number 43: Technetium.
Atomic number 53: Iodine.
Atomic number 81: Thallium.
\(_{5}^{10}\text{B}\): Boron.
\(_{80}^{199}\text{Hg}\): Mercury.
\(_{29}^{63}\text{Cu}\): Copper.

Answer:

	No. of protons	No. of electrons	No. of neutrons	Name of element
atomic number 43, mass number 99, charge of \(7+\)	\(43\)	\(36\)	\(56\)	Technetium
atomic number 53, atomic mass number 131, charge of \(1-\)	\(53\)	\(54\)	\(78\)	Iodine
atomic number 81, atomic mass number 201, charge of \(1+\)	\(81\)	\(80\)	\(120\)	Thallium
\(_{5}^{10}\text{B}\)	\(5\)	\(5\)	\(5\)	Boron
\(_{80}^{199}\text{Hg}\)	\(80\)	\(80\)	\(119\)	Mercury
\(_{29}^{63}\text{Cu}\)	\(29\)	\(29\)	\(34\)	Copper