Question

chloroplasts are organelles that perform _____________.
parts of the chloroplasts are grana which are stacks of _____________. this is where the first part of photosynthesis occurs which is the light dependent. light gets absorbed by chlorophylls and splits water molecules into oxygen gas and hydrogen.
oxygen leaves the leaves as gas and hydrogen moves to the second stage where it combines with carbon dioxide and makes ___________ molecules. the second stage occurs in the fluid surrounding the grana called ___________.
stomata are tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow _____________.

1. plant structures and their functions

• roots: absorb _____________ from the soil
• stems: transport _____________ throughout the plant
• leaves: capture _____________ for photosynthesis

organisms that perform photosynthesis:
examples include: _____________.

Explanation:

Step1: Chloroplast Function

Chloroplasts' main function is photosynthesis (converting light energy to chemical energy).

Step2: Grana Structure

Grana are stacks of thylakoids, where light - dependent reactions occur.

Step3: Photosynthesis Stages

In the light - independent stage (Calvin cycle), hydrogen (from light - dependent) combines with \(CO_2\) to make glucose in the stroma (fluid around grana).

Step4: Stomata Function

Stomata open/close to let \(CO_2\) in for photosynthesis and \(O_2\) (and water vapor) out.

Step5: Root Function

Roots absorb water and minerals (nutrients) from soil.

Step6: Stem Function

Stems transport water (from roots), nutrients, and food (glucose from leaves) via xylem and phloem.

Step7: Leaf Function

Leaves have chlorophyll to capture sunlight (energy source for photosynthesis).

Step8: Photosynthetic Organisms

Plants (terrestrial), algae (aquatic), and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes) perform photosynthesis.

Answer:

1. Chloroplasts are organelles that perform \(\boldsymbol{\text{photosynthesis}}\).
2. Parts of the chloroplasts are grana which are stacks of \(\boldsymbol{\text{thylakoids}}\).
3. Oxygen leaves the leaves as gas and hydrogen moves to the second stage where it combines with carbon dioxide and makes \(\boldsymbol{\text{glucose (sugar)}}\) molecules. The second stage occurs in the fluid surrounding the grana called \(\boldsymbol{\text{stroma}}\).
4. Stomata are tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow \(\boldsymbol{\text{gas exchange (CO}_2\text{ in, O}_2\text{ out)}}\).
5. Roots: absorb \(\boldsymbol{\text{water and nutrients}}\) from the soil.
6. Stems: transport \(\boldsymbol{\text{water, nutrients, and food}}\) throughout the plant.
7. Leaves: capture \(\boldsymbol{\text{sunlight (energy)}}\) for photosynthesis.
8. Organisms That Perform Photosynthesis: Examples include: \(\boldsymbol{\text{plants, algae, some bacteria (like cyanobacteria)}}\).