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Question
cell shape
the shape of a large cell generally helps increase the cells surface area. for example, some skin cells are broad and flat. some nerve cells are very long and thin. with both of these cell shapes, the surface area is larger than it would be if the cells were spheres.
what features do all cells have?
all cells have the following features:
- cell membrane, the layer that covers the cell, separates the cell from its environment, and controls what moves into and out of the cell
- cytoplasm, the area of the cell inside the cell membrane
- ribosomes, organelles where proteins are made
- dna, a cells genetic material
prokaryotic cells
a prokaryote is an organism that is made up of a single prokaryotic cell. prokaryotic cells generally have very simple organization.
eukaryotic cells
a eukaryote is an organism that is made up of one or more eukaryotic cells. eukaryotic cells have a more complex organization than prokaryotic cells. because of this, eukaryotic cells can carry out more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells.
- For question 4: The text states that the cell membrane "separates the cell from its environment, and controls what moves into and out of the cell".
- For question 5: The text mentions that "The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is a single tangled loop. The DNA is located in the cytoplasm".
- For question 6: Humans are made up of cells with a complex organization (as per the description of eukaryotic cells having a more complex organization than prokaryotic cells and being able to carry out more specialized functions).
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- One function of the cell membrane is to separate the cell from its environment and control what moves into and out of the cell.
- The structure of a prokaryotic cell's DNA is a single tangled loop located in the cytoplasm.
- Humans are eukaryotes. Because human cells have a more complex organization (similar to the description of eukaryotic cells) and can carry out specialized functions (as eukaryotic cells can do more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells).