Question

1. which part of the constitution says that the states must guarantee that all people have equal protection of the laws?

a. preamble
c. 14th amendment
b. 1st amendment
d. declaration of independence
african american expulsion from railway car, philadelphia

1. which type of laws made discrimination such as that shown in the drawing legal?

a. jim crow laws
b. integration laws
c. railway laws
d. title ix

1. which supreme court ruling upheld these discriminatory laws?

a. plessy v. ferguson
b. brown v. board of education of topeka
c. bakke v. university of california board of regents
d. roe v. wade

Explanation:

Question 38

The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution includes the Equal Protection Clause, which requires states to guarantee equal protection of the laws to all persons. The Preamble is an introductory statement, the 1st Amendment concerns freedoms like speech, and the Declaration of Independence is not part of the Constitution.

Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation, including in public transportation as shown in the drawing. Integration Laws work to end segregation, Railway Laws are about rail operations, and Title IX is about gender equity in education.

Plessy v. Ferguson upheld racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, which validated Jim Crow Laws. Brown v. Board of Education overturned segregation in schools, Bakke v. University of California was about affirmative action, and Roe v. Wade was about abortion rights.

Answer:

c. \( 14^{\text{th}} \) Amendment

Question 39