23. suggest a way in which the stoma and guard cells arrangement might work to control the amount of water that is leaving the leaf.
24. what is the relationship between the stoma and an air space?
25. looking back at model 1, what gases might you find inside the air spaces?
26. during the time that stomata (the plural of stoma) are closed, gases cannot enter or leave. explain how this would affect the plant’s ability to do photosynthesis.
27. (crossed out) how would the cuticle and stomata work together to maintain the leaf’s function?
28. in grammatically correct sentences, trace the path of the reactants for photosynthesis as they enter the leaf.
29. in grammatically correct sentences, trace the path of the products of photosynthesis as they exit the leaf.

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 23
# Brief Explanations:
Guard cells can change shape (turgid or flaccid) to open/close stomata. When guard cells are turgid, stomata open, allowing more water to exit (transpiration); when flaccid, stomata close, reducing water loss. This is due to osmotic changes in guard cells (e.g., water uptake/loss affecting cell shape).
# Answer:
Guard cells change shape (turgid/flaccid) to open/close stomata, controlling water loss: open stomata allow more water to leave (via transpiration), closed stomata reduce it.

### Question 24
# Brief Explanations:
Stomata (pores) are openings on the leaf surface that connect to air spaces (intercellular spaces) within the leaf. Air spaces allow gases (e.g., CO₂, O₂, H₂O vapor) to move between stomata and leaf cells, facilitating gas exchange for photosynthesis/respiration.
# Answer:
Stomata are pores on the leaf surface that connect to internal air spaces, allowing gas exchange between the leaf’s interior and the external environment.

### Question 25
# Brief Explanations:
Photosynthesis uses CO₂ and produces O₂; respiration uses O₂ and produces CO₂. Air spaces in leaves contain gases involved in these processes: CO₂ (for photosynthesis, from respiration or external air), O₂ (from photosynthesis, for respiration), and water vapor (from transpiration).
# Answer:
Gases in air spaces: Carbon dioxide (CO₂, for photosynthesis), Oxygen (O₂, from photosynthesis/for respiration), and water vapor (from transpiration).

### Question 26
# Brief Explanations:
Photosynthesis requires CO₂ (reactant) and produces O₂. If stomata are closed, CO₂ cannot enter the leaf, and O₂ (or water vapor) cannot exit. Without sufficient CO₂, the Calvin cycle (light - independent reaction) slows, reducing photosynthesis rate.
# Answer:
Closed stomata prevent CO₂ (photosynthesis reactant) from entering and O₂ (product) from exiting. Insufficient CO₂ limits the Calvin cycle, reducing the plant’s ability to perform photosynthesis.

### Question 28
# Brief Explanations:
Photosynthesis reactants: CO₂ (from air) and H₂O (from roots/stem). CO₂ enters the leaf through open stomata, diffuses into air spaces, then into mesophyll cells (where chloroplasts are) for the Calvin cycle. Water is absorbed by roots, transported via xylem to leaf veins, then to mesophyll cells (for light - dependent reactions, splitting H₂O).
# Answer:
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) enters the leaf through open stomata, diffuses into internal air spaces, then into mesophyll cells (for photosynthesis). Water (H₂O) is absorbed by roots, transported via xylem to leaf veins, and delivered to mesophyll cells (where it is split in the light - dependent reactions).

### Question 29
# Brief Explanations:
Photosynthesis products: Glucose (sugar) and O₂. Glucose is used in the leaf (respiration, storage) or transported via phloem. O₂ produced in chloroplasts diffuses from mesophyll cells to air spaces, then exits through open stomata. Water vapor also exits via stomata (transpiration, but it is not a photosynthesis product like glucose/O₂).
# Answer:
Oxygen (O₂) from photosynthesis diffuses from mesophyll cells to air spaces, then exits through open stomata. Glucose (product) is either used in the leaf (respiration, storage) or transported via phloem to other plant parts; if exiting the leaf, it would move from mesophyll cells to phloem in veins.

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Explanation:

Question 23

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Question 24