Question

19.·what is one way the cell cycle can become disrupted?·how can this disruption lead to the development of cancer?review the information above. then enter your answer and your explanation in the box provided.

Explanation:

One way the cell cycle can be disrupted is through mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle, such as tumor - suppressor genes (e.g., p53) or proto - oncogenes. When tumor - suppressor genes are mutated, they may lose their ability to stop the cell cycle at checkpoints (e.g., the G1/S checkpoint) when there is DNA damage. Proto - oncogenes, when mutated into oncogenes, can cause over - activation of cell cycle - promoting pathways.

If the cell cycle is disrupted, cells may divide uncontrollably. Normally, cells divide in an orderly fashion, growing, replicating DNA, and dividing only when necessary. But with a disrupted cell cycle, cells bypass normal growth controls. For example, if a cell with damaged DNA (due to a failure in the G1/S checkpoint regulation) continues to divide, it can accumulate more mutations. Over time, these cells with multiple mutations can form a mass (a tumor). If the tumor cells also gain the ability to invade surrounding tissues (metastasize), it is a cancerous tumor. Cancer is essentially a disease of uncontrolled cell division, and a disrupted cell cycle is a fundamental cause.

Answer:

One way the cell cycle can be disrupted is through mutations in cell - cycle regulating genes (e.g., tumor - suppressor or proto - oncogenes). This disruption can lead to cancer because cells with a disrupted cell cycle divide uncontrollably. Mutations may cause cells to bypass checkpoints (e.g., not stopping at the G1/S checkpoint for DNA repair), leading to the accumulation of mutations. Uncontrolled division of such mutated cells can form tumors, and if they metastasize, it results in cancer.