Question

1. what is the function of the cytoskeleton? 18. how does the structure of the cell membrane relate to its function? 19. for each of the following, indicate if the structure is found only in eukaryotes or if it is found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, golgi apparatus, nucleus, cytoplasm, and dna.

Explanation:

1. The cytoskeleton provides cell shape, enables movement (both of the cell and internal organelles), and is involved in cell - division processes.
2. The cell membrane's structure, a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, allows it to be semi - permeable, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It also provides a site for cell - cell recognition and communication through proteins and carbohydrates on its surface.

19.

• Cell membrane: Found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes as it is a fundamental boundary for all cells.
• Mitochondria: Only in eukaryotes as they are membrane - bound organelles.
• Ribosome: Found in both as they are essential for protein synthesis in all cells.
• Golgi apparatus: Only in eukaryotes as it is a membrane - bound organelle.
• Nucleus: Only in eukaryotes as prokaryotes have a nucleoid region instead.
• Cytoplasm: Found in both as it is the interior of the cell where metabolic processes occur.
• DNA: Found in both as it is the genetic material of all cells, though organized differently in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Answer:

1. Provides cell shape, enables movement, and is involved in cell - division.
2. Its phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins make it semi - permeable and enable cell - cell recognition and communication.

19.
Cell membrane: Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Mitochondria: Only in eukaryotes
Ribosome: Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Golgi apparatus: Only in eukaryotes
Nucleus: Only in eukaryotes
Cytoplasm: Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
DNA: Eukaryotes and prokaryotes