Question

17 multiple choice 1 point
primary succession begins in an area with:
decaying organic matter
bare rock with no soil
shallow freshwater
established soil and vegetation
previous

Explanation:

Primary succession is the process of ecological succession that occurs in an area where no soil exists initially. For example, after a volcanic eruption where new rock is formed. Decaying organic matter is more related to soil development in later stages. Shallow freshwater is a different habitat type for succession (aquatic primary succession is a thing but the question's options - the key is 'no soil' which is more terrestrial primary succession start). Established soil and vegetation is for secondary succession (where an area that had soil and life before gets disturbed and regrows).

Answer:

B. Bare rock with no soil