Question

1. why do your fingers look like prunes after swimming for a long time?
2. why cant nemo live in a fish tank filled with goldfish? explain.
3. what would happen to your cells if you tried to drink ocean water? why?
4. why is facilitated diffusion a form of passive transport? what types of molecules need this type of help getting into the cell?
5. what direction are molecules being moved in active transport?
6. where in the cell are protein pumps located?
7. what is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
8. why is it important that you have white blood cells that perform endocytosis?
9. what transport method do you think the golgi apparatus uses to ship packages of proteins out of the cell?
10. what is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?
11. use the bicycle analogy to explain the differences between active and passive transport

Explanation:

1. Fingers look like prunes due to water - skin interaction. Osmosis causes skin cells to absorb water, leading to wrinkling.
2. Nemo is a clownfish, which has different environmental and social requirements than goldfish. Clownfish are adapted to live in coral reefs and have symbiotic relationships there, while goldfish are freshwater fish with different needs.
3. If you drink ocean water, your cells will lose water. Ocean water is hypertonic compared to your cells, so water will move out of cells by osmosis, causing them to shrink.
4. Facilitated diffusion is passive transport because it does not require energy (ATP). Molecules like glucose, amino acids, and ions that are too large or polar need carrier or channel proteins to cross the cell membrane.
5. In active transport, molecules are moved against their concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
6. Protein pumps are located in the cell membrane. They are used for active transport to move substances across the membrane.
7. Endocytosis is the process of taking substances into the cell by forming vesicles from the cell membrane. Exocytosis is the opposite, where vesicles fuse with the cell membrane to release substances out of the cell.
8. White blood cells performing endocytosis are important because they can engulf pathogens like bacteria and viruses, helping to fight infections.
9. The Golgi apparatus likely uses exocytosis to ship packages of proteins out of the cell. Vesicles containing proteins bud off from the Golgi and fuse with the cell membrane to release the proteins.
10. Phagocytosis is the engulfing of large particles like bacteria or cell debris. Pinocytosis is the uptake of small - scale extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes.
11. In the bicycle analogy, passive transport is like riding a bicycle downhill, where you don't need to expend much energy (no ATP) and molecules move down their concentration gradient. Active transport is like riding a bicycle uphill, where you need to use energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

Answer:

1. Fingers wrinkle due to osmosis - related water absorption by skin cells.
2. Nemo (clownfish) has different habitat and social needs than goldfish.
3. Cells lose water as ocean water is hypertonic; water moves out by osmosis.
4. Facilitated diffusion is passive as it needs no ATP; large/polar molecules like glucose need it.
5. From low to high concentration (against the gradient).
6. In the cell membrane.
7. Endocytosis takes substances in; exocytosis releases substances out.
8. They can engulf pathogens to fight infections.
9. Exocytosis.
10. Phagocytosis engulfs large particles; pinocytosis takes in extracellular fluid.
11. Passive is like downhill cycling (no energy, down - gradient); active is like uphill cycling (energy, against - gradient).