Question

1. why do enzymes generally only bind to one type of substrate?

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1. label the following terms in the following picture

• enzyme____
• product(s)____
• substrate____
• active site____

Explanation:

Question 10

Enzymes have a specific 3D structure, especially at the active site, which is complementary in shape to only one type of substrate (lock - and - key model or induced - fit model). This specificity is due to the unique amino acid sequence and folding of the enzyme, leading to a precise active site shape that matches the substrate's shape, charge distribution, and other chemical properties. So only that specific substrate can fit into the active site and undergo the catalytic reaction.

• Enzyme: Enzymes are biological catalysts that are not consumed in the reaction. In the diagram, the dark - colored, bowl - shaped structures (like the one labeled c initially, and the ones it transforms into) are enzymes as they remain and can catalyze another reaction. So Enzyme: c (and the other dark - colored structures in the reaction sequence, but the initial enzyme is c).
• Product(s): Products are the substances formed after the enzyme - catalyzed reaction. In the diagram, the separate molecules labeled d are the products as they are formed after the substrate is broken down (with the help of water in this case, maybe a hydrolysis reaction). So Product(s): d.
• Substrate: Substrate is the molecule that binds to the enzyme's active site. The molecule labeled a is the substrate as it is the one that approaches the enzyme and binds to it. So Substrate: a.
• Active site: The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds. The region on the enzyme (labeled b on the enzyme structure) is the active site as it is the part that interacts with the substrate. So Active site: b.

Answer:

Enzymes have a specific active site (due to their unique 3D structure from amino acid folding) that is complementary in shape, charge, etc., to only one type of substrate, allowing only that substrate to bind (lock - and - key/induced - fit model).

Question 11