Question

1. why is dna important?
2. describe what a nucleotide is:

1. describe the shape of dna:

1. which scientists helped to determine the shape of dna?

1. what chemicals are the sides of the dna ladder made of?

1. what are the

ungs\ of the dna ladder made of?

1. what sugar is found in dna?
2. in dna, adenine bonds with _____________ using __ (#) hydrogen

bonds; guanine bonds with _____________ using __ (#) hydrogen bonds.

1. what are the two purines? what are the two pyrimidines?

1. what does rna stand for?
2. what sugar is found in rna?
3. explain why mrna is needed to act as a messenger- why cant the dna just deliver

itself?

1. where are proteins made?
2. which nitrogen base is found in rna that is not found in dna?

_______________ what does it bond to?

1. put the following in order from smallest to largest: cell, nucleus, gene,

chromosome, dna, organism, nucleotide

1. why is rna smaller than dna?

Explanation:

Each answer is based on core molecular biology concepts about DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.

Answer:

1. It carries genetic instructions for growth, function, and reproduction.
2. The basic building block of DNA/RNA, with sugar, phosphate, and base.
3. Double helix (twisted ladder).
4. Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins.
5. Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups.
6. Nitrogen base pairs (A-T, G-C).
7. Deoxyribose.
8. Thymine (2); cytosine (3).
9. Purines: adenine, guanine; Pyrimidines: thymine, cytosine.
10. Ribonucleic acid.
11. Ribose.
12. DNA stays in nucleus; mRNA carries code to ribosomes (cytoplasm).
13. Ribosomes.
14. Uracil; bonds to adenine.
15. Nucleotide → gene → DNA → chromosome → nucleus → cell → organism.
16. RNA is single-stranded (vs DNA’s double helix) and shorter (codes for 1 gene).