Question

which statement describes the offspring of the f₁ generation when crossing a pea plant that is true breeding for green seeds with a pea plant that is true breeding for yellow seeds?
○ the green trait is the dominant trait.
○ the offspring will inherit one allele from each parent.
○ the offspring will have both green and yellow seeds.
○ each offspring will have a unique set of alleles.

Explanation:

• For the first option: In pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant over green seeds. So, the green trait is not the dominant trait.
• For the second option: According to Mendelian genetics, during sexual reproduction (cross - breeding in this case), offspring inherit one allele from each parent. When a true - breeding green - seeded plant (gg) is crossed with a true - breeding yellow - seeded plant (YY), each \(F_1\) offspring will get one allele (\(g\) from the green - seeded parent and \(Y\) from the yellow - seeded parent).
• For the third option: In the \(F_1\) generation of a cross between a true - breeding green (\(gg\)) and a true - breeding yellow (\(YY\)) pea plant, all the \(F_1\) offspring will have the genotype \(Yy\). Since yellow (\(Y\)) is dominant, all the \(F_1\) offspring will have yellow seeds, not both green and yellow.
• For the fourth option: When a true - breeding green (\(gg\)) and a true - breeding yellow (\(YY\)) are crossed, all \(F_1\) offspring will have the same genotype (\(Yy\)). So, they do not have a unique set of alleles in the sense that they are all heterozygous for the seed - color gene.

Answer:

The offspring will inherit one allele from each parent.