Question

1. which statement best describes how viruses disrupt normal cellular processes to cause disease?

viruses use cell machinery to build products the virus n
viruses release large amounts of energy into the cell, ca
increased growth rates.
viruses release antibiotics that destroy the cell membr
more viral particles can be released.
viruses block gene expression and prevent host cell dn
replication.

Explanation:

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. They lack the cellular machinery to reproduce on their own. So, they hijack the host - cell machinery (such as ribosomes for protein synthesis, enzymes for nucleic acid replication etc.). By using the host - cell machinery to build viral components (like viral proteins and nucleic acids), they disrupt the normal cellular processes. For example, in a bacteriophage infection, the phage uses the bacterial ribosomes to make phage proteins. The other options are incorrect:

• Viruses do not release large amounts of energy into the cell to cause increased growth rates. Viruses are not energy - releasing entities in this context.
• Viruses do not release antibiotics. Antibiotics are typically produced by bacteria or fungi (in a natural context, and synthetically in a laboratory).
• While viruses can affect gene expression, the most fundamental way they disrupt cells is by using the cell machinery for their own replication, not just by blocking gene expression in a general sense as described in the last option.

Answer:

Viruses use cell machinery to build products the virus needs.