Question

which scenario describes an example of founder effect?
some of the rare, red - winged finches from a small island fly to a nearby island to feed. they mate with the native brown - winged finches, which results in an increase in the red - wing allele frequency on the new island.
a small number of british colonists occupied a small island between south america and africa during the early 1800s, establishing a new population. this population has different allele frequencies from the original population of britain.
a mistake during dna replication causes the offspring of a yellow flowering plant to have blue flowers. the blue - flower trait is passed on to successive generations.
some individuals in a population of bears have very thick coats that help them conserve heat and energy during cold winters. after several generations, the proportion of bears with thick coats increases.

Explanation:

The founder effect occurs when a small subset of a larger population establishes a new population, leading to different allele frequencies than the original population due to the limited genetic diversity of the founders. The British colonists scenario fits this: a small group (founders) creates a new population with distinct allele frequencies from Britain. The other options describe gene flow (finches mating), mutation (DNA replication mistake), and natural selection (bear coats), not the founder effect.

Answer:

A small number of British colonists occupied a small island between South America and Africa during the early 1800s, establishing a new population. This population has different allele frequencies from the original population of Britain.